translation 1 translation was not clear enough in some places, such as the “emergency report” into urgent report, although close to the literal meaning, but dull translation machinery; from a specific context, this sentence true information is a “serious situation”, “important relationship” and therefore must choose the appropriate translation of the word, take this meaning is highlighted. 2 Use of the SOS this translation has a special emotional words, consistent with the objective facts, but also give the reader a vivid image, improve the quality of the translation. Similarly, the “match the market tension” in the “tension” in the article is “short” rather than the other, into the match market is tense confusing, and the words are mismatches, such as the change translated into an acute shortage of matches in the market are both clear and allows readers to understand. Another example is “the people there eat lighting difficult phenomenon”, a translation of the word has too rigidly adhere to the original word, and thus obscure, solecism. More than a few shows in the Chinese-English translation, the Xuanyi vocabulary and choice of sentences as important. Moreover, the word has refined and popular tastes of the points, the size of the points and the points of difficulty, so how to choose, be extra careful. First look at the original meaning, but also depends on what features the original structure vocabulary. If the political commentator and sports in general long and complex sentences, words are more abstract. Translation should be given to these features, so that language rigorous, thorough, accurate and concise. If you pay attention to meaning in the context of the same, but stick to the literal meaning of the same, too literally, mechanically, the result will only make the translation solecism, unfaithful, lied, and even misleading, is bound to harm intent. The correct approach is to first understand the meaning, according to the context to select appropriate words. Second, the translation of basic methods, alternative means, translation procedures and examination skills
2) choice of words to be appropriate. Translation choice of words to pay attention to context and style of the article, each word was used in the proper context, the natural and harmonious. There are many synonyms in English, always pay more attention to synonyms usage in different contexts, because even the synonym or synonyms in the sense or even on color usage is not exactly the same.
translation 2: The Anyang Match Factory, a major matchproducer for domestic use in Henan Province and the biggest one in thecountry, recently sent an SOS to the Ministry of Railways, saying that thefactory was running short of timber.The message is not a false alarm.Thedrastic cutbacks in the output of the factory have caused an acute shortage ofmatches in the market over the last few months.In the cities, a box of matchesis now selling at four times its normal price on the black market; in thecountryside, people do not even have matches to light their cooking stoves.
1) meaning to be exact. Should thoroughly grasp the exact meaning of words can accurately express ideas. Each word has a certain meaning, meaning if the confusion, it is likely to cause a misnomer.
(2) grasp the logic of the article, the surface phenomena through language, deep into the deep structure of the article to find out information and external information center.
3. asked flatly, the lack of momentum with the corresponding original, although some shape, but in form and essence of God is far asked flatly, lack of proper momentum, which is the problem when candidates do exist from Chinese to English a common problem. Candidates in addition to the level of translation and language is limited, but real understanding of translation is essential. Many candidates think that as long as the use to master the vocabulary and grammar rules to translate the sentence on the line. In fact, ignoring the translation of the original tone and style, and readability of their level of loyalty may be compromised. Look at this sentence: “Our friends all over the world”, simple sentence structure, words are not profound, candidates can often unthinkingly to sentences translated: “Our friends are all over the world.” This translation should say bad , neither the sentence syntax error, the original information is also largely reflected in the. But a closer scrutiny, we found the original “Our friends all over the world” than, “Our friends are all over the world” appears to lack momentum, at least implicit in the original sense of pride lost in translation. If you thoroughly understand the text, to get rid of the original sentence frame limit, and the sentence into “We have friends all over the world” is more accurately reflect the original momentum? This is obvious.
(3) organizational structure of the translation, selection according to the meaning of the sentence structure of each layer, put up the basic framework; select the appropriate words from the context and means of expression, especially in English according to the expression of logic to adjust the statement. Such as “Although … but” can not be translated into English in the translated Although … but …, but only translated Although he is poor, he is well contented. “Although he was poor and was able to contentment.”
4 short English translation of the basic procedures should generally be done when the Chinese-English translation through the following steps:
Source New Sunshine education website.
translation 2: What the teacher image? On Teacher Day, Sept.10, a group of teenage reporters from the secondary school of QinghuaUniversity took a poll on the street onseventysix passersby.Eightysix of those surveyed saidthat teachers should be held in high esteem because they are committed to theshaping of the younger generation, an undertaking crucial to achieving a higherlevel of education in China.
4. dead or too literally translated, resulting in translation is not accurate, dishonesty, stiff, hard to understand some of the candidates that word for word translation of the original literal meaning is faithful to the original safest, most reliable way. But in fact, we know that, in both languages ??are two different languages, in vocabulary and grammar are quite different, but also in the concepts and thinking there are differences, even if a meaning, the expression of the two languages method is also very different. If the death of translation, hard to translate, or mechanically, only the translation ambiguity, it is inexplicable. For example, some people “the treatment of teachers is bad” as is “poor treatment of teachers,” the faithful translation, in fact, hard to translate, mistranslation. Treatment because of the word in the English language does not mean that the “treatment” concept, the two are not the same semantic range, and treatmnt as “treatment” when talking about more derogatory, but the original did not mean to belittle teachers, just to clarify. ” teachers in low-income, “the fact. Can be seen, this sentence if the change translated “teachers are poorly paid” more simple, more appropriate. Similarly, if the “Since reform and opening up,” translated “since the reform and opening policy”, not only grammatically correct, but can not convey his ideas. So blindly to find the corresponding words, simply the surface of the faithful, it will eventually damage the contents of the translation, translation impact the expression of results. Look at the following examples: Original: match factory in Anyang, Henan has recently issued an urgent report to the Ministry of Railways: Our factory is the largest manufacturer of matches, charged with the Henan provincial supply civilian match the task. Shortage of timber, now the verge of production. Situation is indeed serious. Significant decline in factory output in recent months, as well as causing tension matches the market, the city black market price of more than four times higher than normal, rural, mountainous areas difficult lighting people there eat the phenomenon. Translation 1: Recently the Anyang Match Factory of HenanProvince sent an urgent report to the Ministry of Railroad: Our factory is thebiggest matchproducing factory in the country, and is responsible for the taskof supplying civil matches for the whole province.Because of shortage of timber, thefactory is facing a closedown.The situation is indeed serious.Over the last few months, production dropped so sharply thatit has caused market tense.In cities, the price of matches is four times itsnormal one, and in the countryside, there is even the phenomenon ofpeoples having difficulties in eating and lighting.
1 is basically a literal translation, retains the original structure and narrative sequence; translation through the use of clause 2, sub-word phrases by means of the secondary element integrated in a sentence, which highlights the central idea. From the original content, the statement of the important information should be the “New China leaders made an immediate establishment and development of the atomic bomb and missile career decision.” The “In 1953, British and American plans to use the atomic bomb on China Peninsular troops, and prepare to attack China with nuclear weapons” and “the news conveyed by the third country diplomats Beijing,” these two are at the background information, “deeply anxiety “is the description of the details, but also secondary information, so simply select the appropriate clause, phrase, etc. These subordinate sentence is enough information to express clearly. For example, “The new Chinese leaders are deeply worried, and immediately made the establishment and development of the atomic bomb and missile career decision” one of the “deeply worried” that sense you can use the word phrase “deeply concerned” translated, this process both proper reproduction of the original content, but also with the English expression, although the translation complex, but the level of clear, well-organized text, a prominent theme, and the concept is clear and accurate. Again, the “Anglo-American” to translated into the United States and Britain than in America and England more accurately, the “deeply concerned” to “deeply concerned” than “deeply worried” is more appropriate. Because from the context view, concerned the term to reflect the Chinese leaders were concerned about the cause of the atomic bomb, also in line with the identity of the leaders. From two translation can also be seen, choosing the appropriate sentence is not only an important translation skills, but also handle the translation of a key. Many examples show that many candidates loose translation, rigid, did not deal with the main reason is the level of translation and the center of gravity, did not choose the appropriate sentence.
short Chinese-English translation of the candidate an English language proficiency test. According to the State Education Commission issued the latest syllabus requirements, candidates should contain 80 to 100-word essay into English, translation requirements, “faithful to the original” expression “basic right”, essay mainly deals with political, economic, social, cultural and scientific and other areas of general knowledge or scientific knowledge. Three years from 1995, 1996 and 1997 English translations of questions to see the selected topics are arguments, questions may seem easy, good translation is not easy. After analysis, we found that there are different levels of candidates in addition to the language outside the grasp of the problem itself, but that should be noted that a considerable number of candidates did not grasp the more correct translation method and the necessary examination skills. Familiar with the candidates in the past translated into English, compared to a single sentence, the essay translated into English, no doubt more demanding, more difficult. Because in terms of translation, faithful to the original not a simple place between the two languages, but also consider the context and short translation logic, and thus word for word translation is clearly not on the original text contains all the information completely and accurately express . Faithful to the original, except to retain the original information, should reflect the style of the original style (such as argumentative statements, compact and strong logic), to meet the English language of expression, translation should be fluent, natural, smooth . The only way to ensure that there are human readable translation. To achieve the above requirements, rely on English grammar rules and vocabulary knowledge is clearly not enough, candidates should also be familiar with and understand the language in both the style, characteristics and laws, in particular, to identify the two languages ??in sentences, words and expression used on the differences, and a certain amount of translation methods and techniques in the case, to strengthen the practice, in order to achieve good results. A short analysis of elements from Chinese to English
(4) the last revision. This is an indispensable and important part, but when the final revision must be against the original, so as to check out the translation in understanding and expression, what is the problem, whether there is a mistranslation and missing translation for timely correction.
1. translated some of the problems common real clear understanding of the translation candidates, short of the overall lack of grasp, and thus translation unclear thinking, consistency is poor. Short translation is different from the isolated, without the context of a single sentence translation. Candidates in the hands before the first question should read and understand the full text of the article content and style have a complete and comprehensive understanding of this is to ensure continuity of language translation, faithful to the essential content of the preparatory work. However, many candidates did not do so, they often pick up the translation of the article on down to see a translation of one, to do so, ostensibly to ensure the faithful translation, but the reality is that the candidates of each sentence literally and simply isolated meaning, while ignoring the context for the internal logic, ignoring the link between the sentence and therefore less consistent translation, not the original clear. Consider the following example:
5) choice of words should be diversified. Words a single language will dull, pale and weak; and diverse choice of words can enhance the expressiveness of the language, so that the expression of translation is more abundant. For example, the “Beijing is the capital of China, many historical sites,” how to phrase translated into English? In accordance with English expression, put the sentence into English, “is the capital of China,” Information processing as a secondary , this part as “Beijing” appositive processing, thus translated: Beijing, thecapital of China, has quite many places of historic interest and scenic beauty. By this means the sentence can connect the logic and ideology, On the one hand highlights the important information, it also makes the language more compact.
compare the above translation, we can see that a translation becomes stiff, stiff, and asked two more fluent and smooth. Asked an apparently ignored the logic of the article, just keep the order and in accordance with the wording of the original literal meaning, literally translated, but not rigidly adhere to the original translation 2 vocabulary and sentence, not in isolation to see a translation of one, but in Throughout the whole, careful scrutiny of the context and content of the article, based on the focus and thrust to seize the article (ie, the image in the minds of teachers), according to the context of the needs and habits of the English expression to adjust the original structure and vocabulary. Such as the “What is the teachers image” into a sentence, is consistent with the English expression, but also highlights the theme, so the main content at a glance. In addition, from the context to see, literally a translation of “little reporter” translated as “little reporters”, it seems as translation 2 “teenage reporters” exact. Translation 2 “interviews” were translated into flexible “poll” and “survey” also appears to be appropriate. Asked an “out of school” translated “walkedout of their school gate”, and asked two translated “took apoll on the street”, since it is of course to be interviewed on the streets outside schools, which is self-evident , so this translation more concise. However, translation 2 “Tsinghua High” translated as “the secondary school of QinghuaUniversity” wrong, or a translation translation accuracy.
4) the wording to be concise. Simple in order to clear extra word translation will not be able to enhance the expressiveness of the language, but to make the language seem cumbersome. Therefore, the translation to avoid duplication of wordy words.
(1) parts of speech conversion. Conversion is the translation of the common parts of speech means the conversion of parts of speech can break through the original sentence, causing syntax conversion, such as “Recently, researchers found that flu can infect people hands,” can be translated Recent research discoveries indicate thatflu can be spread by hand contacts. text in the “discovery” is a verb, and the translation needs of the context, the flexibility to put verbs into nouns discoveries.
3. Chinese to English review points and examination skills when preparing for examinations, candidates should not only pay attention to cultivating awareness of translation skills, but also improve the practical application of language ability. From the examination outline view, Chinese-English basic to argumentation-based, involving social, political, cultural, economic and general scientific and technological fields. Therefore, we recommend that candidates review the exam preparation should be more careful reading of these genre of articles, to accumulate, much more, as familiar with the English language features, and the accumulation of vocabulary. In addition, Chinese-English translation should also be noted in the part of speech, sentence patterns and features on of expression, possess a wealth of alternative means to improve the language ability. Vocabulary and sentence patterns are the core of the language, to do the English translation of essays, the key is to choose appropriate vocabulary and sentence. Vocabulary is the language of the materials, articles translated well or not, can not convey his ideas, with the choice of words are closely related. To choose the right words, we must note the following:
(c) 4. Specific skills. In the translation should reflect the characteristics of English words and sentences. Candidates should note that the characteristics of English words: ①, noun use of high frequency, commonly used with abstract nouns and verbs. Translation involving an important translation skills: parts of speech conversion. ②, passive sentences using high frequency. Translation may be appropriate to adjust the sentence – ¨ D another translation skills. ③, prepositions, adjectives, and often independent structures. This need to develop English thinking, get rid of the shackles of Chinese thinking. These are the new outline ———————————————- —- —————-
2011 年 12 月 14 日
translation 2: Probably no other single topic has gainedmore attention from management researchers in the last few decades thanleadership.
1996 年 Chinese-English exam in this sentence: “In the past few decades, probably no other topic is more than the leadership attention by management researchers.” Here is a sentence If the two kinds of translation: translation 1: In the last few decades, perhaps no topicwas concerned more by management researchers than the topic of art ofleadership.
(1) read and a thorough understanding of the full text.
translation 2: In 1953, when they learned from diplomaticsources of a third country that the United States and Britain were prepared toattack mainland China and the Chinese troops in Korea with nuclear weapons, theleaders of new China, deeply concerned, decided that China must have its ownatomic bombs and missiles.
1 translation in “perhaps no topic” weight is not enough, his tone flat, not fully translated the sentence “may not have any other topic,” The performance of the momentum; The translation 2 “probably no other single topic” reinforces the tone and sentence translation potential, especially in probably two and single words can accurately reflect the original picture, appropriately contrasting the leadership (leadership) of this topic by the attention, and thus highlight the theme. Can be seen, the word translated should not rigidly adhere to the original one, but to be faithful to the original ideas, original thinking in the case of thorough understanding of the original structure aside, the translation of the implication of this is to improve the translation faithful to enhance read resistance, an important step to improve the quality of translation.
3) words to be easy to understand. Words must be standardized as much as possible the use of written language, use less slang, uncommon words or cliche to affect translation effect.
Original: September 10 is Teacher Day. Teachers in people minds what it look like? Small Correspondent Tsinghua High School out of school, interviewed 76 passers-by. Interviews found that 83% of people think that teachers entrusted with the task of training the next generation, is to improve the quality of all the determinants of national culture, worthy of respect. Translation 1: Sept.10 is Teachers ay. What is the image of teachers in people heart? Little reporters from the middle schoolattached to Qinghua University walked out of their school gate and interviewed76 passersby.The interview shows that 83% peoplethink that teachers shoulder the important taskof educating the next generation, they are the decisive factor of improving thewhole people cultural level, and they are worth ofbeing respected.
Chinese to English succinctly
1. the translation of basic methods : literal translation and free translation should first be noted that the literal translation is not dead, but to keep the original basic sentence structure, literally translated. Hu translation is not translation, random translation, but without prejudice to the content and spirit of the original, in order to express the need to make corresponding adjustments to the original. Aforementioned translation Our friends are all over the world is the literal translation, but We have friends all over the world is the translation. Literal translation in the strict sense of the faithful for the purpose, consider the English translation is more characteristic, more emphasis on the effect of translation, not for the corresponding form, but only to the language in the corresponding depth. In short, the literal translation or paraphrase selection should be based on the specific needs of the article, two translations can and use.
(2) by the word, by the word. Translated by word, by the exact words are intended to more faithfully express the original meaning and spirit. Add some translation not the original words, seemingly unfaithful, but a closer analysis reveals that these additional words expressed do not mean nothing, but implicit in the original text. Reduction does not affect the intent of the word is in the case of omitting irrelevant words, to avoid dragging its feet. Such as “cold infection by human hands” can be translated as flu can be spread by hand contacts, one of the contacts is based on the need to add translations. The “people appear to eat light lamps difficult phenomenon” in the “phenomenon” could be omitted, only translated into people do not even have matches to light their stoves is enough information in the original expression.
2. translation of alternative means of translation can not be simply or mechanically translated literally according to hard make up the English, must carefully analyze the context, to grasp the exact meaning of the word, then use the appropriate English expression, if necessary, the need to transform Some words, such as “Little Reporters” into teenage reporter, “urgent report” into SOS, “deeply worried” into deeply concerned, are using alternative means.
2. loose translation, the center level is unclear, readability is poor, does not meet the English translation of expression not only in the good faithful to the original content, but also should consider the needs of English readers, in line with the English expression used, corresponding with the original or a better clarity and consistency. This is precisely the candidates generally do not pay attention. Many candidates think that as long as the literal meaning close to the line, but the real translation is faithful to the original without changing the meaning of the language on the basis of the smooth, readable. If the translation poor readability, we mention the faithful to the original. Look at what these two translations: Original: 1953, British and American plans to use the atomic bomb on China Peninsular troops, and prepared to attack China with nuclear weapons. When this message is conveyed by the third country diplomats to Beijing, the new Chinese leaders are deeply worried, and immediately made the establishment and development of the atomic bomb and missile career decisions. Translation 1: In 1953, America and England planned to useatomic bombs against Chinese aiding troops in Korea and to attack China withnuclear weapons.When the news was transferred toBeijing from diplomatic sources of a third country, the leaders of newChina felt deeply worried and immediately decided to set up and develop atomicbomb and missile cause.
